Lab proposal Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Proposal - Lab Report Example Do not put the whole mixture in an instance. Put it lowly and let it filter through the filter paper and then ad some more amount slowly. Overfilling the funnel will ruin the filtration. 10. After emptying the beaker, take 5ml of distilled water and wash the beaker and rinse it into the filter paper assembly. It will help transfer any remaining particle of sand to the filter paper. Rinse the beaker again with 5ml of distilled water and repeat the step. Take 5ml distilled water and rinse the stirring rod. 12. Give it some time so that all the water from the filter water is transferred to the flask. Now carefully separate the filter paper from the funnel and let it rest on the watch glass. Dry the filter paper with the help of microwave oven or let your instructor dry it. 18. Place the beaker once again on the hot plate let it there for a little while. Let it come to room temperature again and gain note the mass of the beaker. If it is lees than the previous reading keep the reading and eliminate the previous reading. Keep the lower reading. But note do not over heat the beaker or do not overheat the dried salt. Mixture is a combination of two or more than two pure substances in which pure substances are combined physically not through a chemical reaction. The pure substances present in the mixture can be separated easily. Examples of natural mixtures are air, sea water, river water, etc. however, mixtures can be made by humans for various purposes; paint is an example of mixtures that is manufactured industrially and used extensively. In every day life mixtures are every where. Juices, mixed spices, salad dressing, etc are all mixtures. Homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components of the mixtures are mixed in such a manner that none of the component is visible. It is impossible to see the particles of the mixed components. Example of homogeneous mixture are salt and water

The international transaction for the sale of goods is far too complex Essay

The international transaction for the sale of goods is far too complex to attempt harmonisation of international trade - Essay Example Remarkable profession liberalization and a change from patriotic to open marketplace economies have offered the basis for the evolution of transcontinental business movement while democratic principles and institutions have been gradually strengthened. However, the UK is still facing prodigious challenges such as societal inequalities, monetary instability, meager standards of living and nonappearance of execution of human rights. It is now well documented that procedures of globalization alone will not determination such difficulties and that there is a requisite for improved global cooperation instruments and development strategies to effectively discourse those issues. Certainly, the last era of free market reforms implemented all over Latin America, Caribbean and the UK brought a definite level of development, but were not as fruitful in diminishing the breach between the rich and the unfortunate. The slow outcomes on the societal front and the new collapse of the Argentinean money market have caused countlessly to wonder about the prospect that certain republics would move toward a more patriotic economy, flowing away from the open copious policies imposed during the last decade. We take the place that while fiscal growth provides no immediate solution to inequity; further societal development does entail economic growth. Fortified decentralization and further fiscal integration have been progressively s een as essential steps en route for both economic progression and social expansion in our Hemisphere, and the constructive link between trade program and poverty assuagement has been reputable Similarly, international legal devices developed in multidimensional institutions and relevant to definite cross-border dealings have become progressively important to the expansion of a substantive multinational law. We generally use the term "global law" as denoting to "all types of principles and procedures of non-national

Child Obesity Media And Technology Children And Young People Essay

Child Obesity Media And Technology Children And Young People Essay The topic of this research is looking into child obesity and whether it gives cause to come under child neglect laws. This will be done in a literature review format incorporating interviews to look at fact and opinions on the matter. The results provide a complex over view and debate the topic thoroughly, taking into consideration affecting factors. Yes, child obesity can be neglect if a parents have persistently ignored guidance and failed to seek needed help. It can also be no as not every child obese case gives cause to be considered neglect and it is extremely rare. Obesity is a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health. While some people are genetically more susceptible than others, the direct cause of obesity in any individual is always an excess of energy intake over energy expenditure (Chambers and Wakely, 2002: X). The issues arisen from criminalising child obesity being under the law of child neglect will be critically discussed in this dissertation. Obesity is a major concern in the UK, proven to potentially shorten lives by up to 9 years, health professionals are starting to express their worries of parents outliving their children as a consequence of the health problems that accompany obesity (Kellow, 2011). Some of the possible health implications of child obesity are: diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis (Sullivan, 2004 and Heaton-Harris, 2009). In 2010 20% of boys and 17% of girls aged 11-15 could be described as clinically obese, with 14% and 15% aged between 2-10 being obese. From 1995 child obesity has risen 6% for boys and 3% for girls (reference). This would make nearly 1 in 5 of all children not just overweight, but a t the point of serious health issues (Health Survey for England, 2010). It is already said to be costing the UK  £2 billion annually (Kellow, 2011) and estimated to increase to  £50 billion annually by 2050 if trends continue (Butland et al. 2007). The increase in child obe sity has sparked a moral panic about the concern for childrens health driving the government to do more to protect children from becoming obese. Obesity is defined by BMI which stands for body mass index. BMI is calculated by dividing a persons weight (in kg) by their height (in meters). To be classed as obese a persons BMI would need to be over 30, and to be classed as morbidly obese, which is extreme cases of obesity the BMI would need to be 40 or above (Chambers and Wakely, 2002). This is not what you expect to be talking about when discussing children, as the stereotypical image of a child is healthy and happy, getting plenty of exercise and being fed properly. However, Heaton-Harris (2009:14) provides an opposite portrayal, saying Obese children are less active than the average pensioner. She then goes onto explain that overweight children will get out of breath after 5 minutes due to the additional strain on the heart to pump excessively around the body, which is too large and demanding oxygen rich blood. It is clear from the statement that Heaton-Harris (2009) argues that obese children are very disadvantaged and unfit. Children are vulnerable and dependant on parents and guardians and it is their duty is to make sure their children are healthy and happy. Ford-Martin (2005) says that children learn by example and that as a parent or guardian you are their primary role model. The parents or guardians of children struggling with obesity are therefore failing their children as the child is severely unhealthy and is at risk of severe health problems. It currently can become a child protection issue if children are allowed to eat excessive amounts of food, or have a seriously unbalanced diet (Grady, 2012). In extreme cases children can be removed from parental or guardian care by the court due to the affecting factor, children being obese. The fact that children sometimes need protection from parents if they are obese is interesting and leads onto the discussion whether this should also be a punishable offence. As it stands the definition of child neglect is, a persistent failure to meet a childs basic physical and/or developmental needs. Neglect includes failing to provide for a childs health, education, emotional development, nutrition, clothing, shelter, safety and safe living conditions, and includes exclusion of the child from the home and abandonment. It is different from poverty, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), because it happens when there is failure to provide the resources to meet a childs needs if those resources exist or should be available (Bovarnick online, 2007). This definition explains under current statute what would be classed as child neglect and as you can see this covers a very wide spectrum. Although it does say failing to provide for a childs health (Bovarnick online, 2007).This could allow child obesity to fit into this category. Although generally the main focus of child neglect is failure to provide a child with something not allowing children excessive amounts of something. The question this dissertation sets out to answer is whether or not child obesity presents the scope to be punishable by law under child neglect statute. The aims are to establish how much blame is on the media, technology and parents to establish whether or not it is justifiable to hold them responsible for the obesity state their child/children are in. This question will be looked at through current literature and interviews to see what people think about the issue also. The first chapter discussing the role media and technology play on the obesity state of the youth in the UK. The second chapter puts forward the debate on whether or not parents should take the main responsibility of their childrens obesity state. The third and final chapter deliberates the on-going debate on the issues of child obesity being a form of child neglect taking into consideration both of the discussed issues presented in the previous chapters. The impending investigation takes the format of a literature review, which incorporates interviews also. There is extensive literature on the topic of child obesity in the UK which is taken advantage of in the format being used to answering the question set out. As well as gathering qualitative data from interviews to get opinions and see if they back up the literature found. Chapter 2: Methodology The methods section is the most important aspect of a research paper because it provides the information by which the validity of a study is ultimately judged (Kallet, 2004:1129). 2.1: Research design and rationale Child neglect and child obesity are both current issues and can both impose health problems to children. It is an on-going debate whether child obesity should come under child neglect laws which can hold parents or guardians responsible and therefore punish them for the obesity state their child/children are in. These two topics for investigation are strongly linked and consequently showing a need to investigate them together and answer the question whether child obesity should be criminalised. The methodology used to conduct this investigation into child neglect and child obesity is mainly library based research but incorporated into the research investigation is a short interview to compare with the literature based findings. The methodological approach needs to fit the purpose and the question being researched. Therefore justification for the methods used in any research being conducted needs to be established (Kumar, 2011). This is also backed up by Robson (2002), who articulates the data collected by the researcher in any topic is dependent on the particular research question and aims. Winstanley (2009) and Saunders et al., (2007) state there are two categories research can be separated into; primary research and secondary research. According to Sorenson (2010) the difference between the two is how the research is gathered: primary research is collected by the researcher whereas secondary research is carried out using already existing data. Secondary data according to Bryman and Bell (2007) and Zikmund (2003) is when, documents by other researchers are analysed by people most commonly not involved in the collection process. This allows experience and knowledge to be drawn from other academics which may be vital to the subject area being discussed. This paper is at an under-graduate level making expert knowledge and expertise crucial in making the paper of value in the academic world. Zikmund (2003) also draws attention to the lower cost, which is also a main advantage over primary data which can be expensive. Saunders et al. (2007) comment that secondary research allows a wide range of information to be gathered such as: quantitative, qualitative, descriptive and explanatory data. However every form of data collection comes with weaknesses. Secondary data may provide a lot of good quality information but may not link entirely with the given research questions and aims providing no value towards further research; this is something researchers need to consider. In a lot of instances it can be near impossible to find sufficient information (Zikmund, 2003). Also if pre-existing data is relevant, credible and specifically what the researcher needs to discuss time and effort designing and collating new research maybe a waste of the researchers time. Secondary research was the main data collection method chosen as it seemed the best choice to answer the question on whether child obesity should or is criminalised. When talking about a debate that already exists it is paramount to include current literature, especially when this issue is a current governmental and political matter. With an abundance of existing research in this area, secondary data collection was the easiest method and the most appropriate main form of data collection. However the weaknesses pointed out do need to be noted as secondary data can provide such a wide scope of data and most of it may be irrelevant and only relevant data needs to be discussed, this will be discussed in more detail under the inclusion/exclusion of data. The debate on criminalising child obesity is a current one in the academic world however this dissertation took a new direction, by adding interviews as there would have been no point carrying out something that had been done before. The secondary data gathered was in the form of a library based dissertation also known as a literature review. This is the main source of information being used to discuss the issues of child obesity and whether criminalising it is appropriate and considers: journals, newspapers, reports, textbooks, abstracts, media sources both electronically and in hard copy format (Hart, 1998). Hart says that a literature review is The selection of available documents on the topic, which contain ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfil certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is to be investigated and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed (1998: 13). Literature reviews are seen as very important and as Aveyard (2010: 6) explains them to be like jigsaw puzzles as you piece each part of the puzzle (piece of literature) together to give the reader the overall picture. Therefore playing an important part allowing all relevant information on a given topic to be in one place at the same time, this brings to light conflicting academic works to be seen together which may have gone unnoticed before. This type of research can also incur new insights to be drawn as a result of re-analysing previous sources. However Aveyard (2010) notices they are useful but in order to be reliable they need rigour and structure. The idea is not to find literature to back up the desired answer but to open-mindedly collate information to reach and answer on a predefined question. This is very important as literature reviews permits the overall picture to be seen and therefore hopefully eliminating bias so the researcher needs to adhere to this and this why it is vital that a systematic approach is taken. Hart (1998) establishes that literature reviews need to present all available documents on the chosen topic not just selected few to give the reader everything to make up their mind. This poses a difficulty as the resources available to an under graduate student will not allow a team of researchers and there are time constraints. This is why a systematic approach will be adhered to but may not reach the exact same criteria a fully funded and resourced literature review will. To present information to allow a reader to reach his/her own conclusions on the predefined question, whether childhood obesity should be criminalised, it will be thoroughly researched selecting only relevant information. The systematic approach used key terms (Appendix 2: 54) to search the library data base at Buckinghamshire New University and the internet. This was systematic do uncover any relevant literature which ensured everything relating to the topic was read and if found useful was then included in the discussion. However this is not the only form of data collection being used as primary research is also being used in the form of interviews which shapes the literature already in circuit to cater directly to the needs of the question and objectives giving and already existing topic area a new direction. The dissertation aims to uncover not only current issues and debates but peoples attitudes and thoughts which are only possible if opting to incorporate primary data also that adds value to the issues being presented. The interview questions were formed around the literary findings, which then allowed the literature and interviews to be compared and discussed. Interviews were conducted as part of the research which is one of the main methods of gathering primary data; permitting data to be brought together that has not been gathered previously. Ghauri et al. (2005) highlights one of the main advantages of using primary research methods is the data is going to be relevant as it is specifically gathered to the specialised research area, this is also backed up by Zikmund (2003). Being able to shape the data being gathered to suit the needs of the study allows consistent information to be provided. Saunders et al. (2007) points out that a main limitation to primary research is interviewee and interviewer bias when using focus groups. The research in this study does not involve focus groups for this exact reason to decrease the chance of bias. However the interviewees and interviewer were criminology students and may present a bias for that reason. Having bias makes it less reliable which affects the validity and also makes it hard to generalis e results, this is something to be taken into consideration for this study. Nevertheless this is a valid point and makes the study less reliable but not an easy issue to overcome given the ethical restrictions and materials available for the study. The library based element and the interview section are both focusing on qualitative data, however there will be some secondary data featured in the form of quantitative statistics jotted throughout. Bryman (2001: Page number) describes qualitative research to be a strategy that usually emphasizes words, feelings, perception, and qualitative research tends to be concerned with words rather than numbers. The point of the dissertation is to look into the perception people have and the way society see child obesity and what they think in regards to it being criminalised. Hoepfl (1997) stated that qualitative research allows data to discover the meaning of events rather quantitative using numbers to establish facts. Qualitative data provides the means to find out what peoples attitudes and intentions are about fundamental topics (Ghauri et al, 2005). This permits researchers to broaden knowledge and insight in their chosen topic. This is very useful and one of the main reasons interviews were picked was to develop an understanding of whether obesity is seen as criminal as it will give an insight to peoples opinions on the issue as well as comparing it to current literature available. Interviews were chosen as they have potential to gain rich and insightful data (Robson, 2011). Sarantakos (1988) highlights the main advantages of interviews are: there flexible and adaptable, they directly ask the questions and can assess non-verbal behaviour, which can sometimes reverse the meaning. Robson (2007) also highlights that direct face to face interviews have advantages as you can measure the seriousness which participants take the exercise and you get a higher response rate as it is harder to say no. Although Sarantakos also points out that there are disadvantages such as biases are hard to rule out and that interviews are very time-consuming considering the time it takes to transcribe interviews. Interviews were picked from this study to gage an understanding of what people thought about childhood obesity as from interviews you can directly ask the questions you need answered. It was tailored to the topic of the dissertation which allowed the discussion of both literatu re and the data found in the interviews. Interviews not only helped to gage an understanding and present data for discussion but as it was done whilst the literature was being gathered it showed areas that were in need for research to cover the topic of child obesity. For example, in one interview the topic of illnesses and diseases that can make you obese was discussed about bringing to light this new area to be included. The interviews will be carried out on two separate days with 5 interviews on one day and 5 on the other. All interviewees were handed a leaflet (Appendix 3:55-56) to inform them that the interview will remain anonymous and that they can stop at any time and this leaflet is then signed by each interviewee to ensure consent is present. Participant numbers will be used when discussing in the main paper and no names will be included within the dissertation to keep identities confidential. There will also be a verbal introduction read out to participants to ensure consistency (Appendix 4: 57). 10 students will be asked the same three questions in the same order. Interviewees will be both genders but all over the age of 18 attending Buckinghamshire New University. They were interviewed in a rentable room in the library of Bucks New University. All interviews were recorded on a Dictaphone and transcribed after all participants had completed the interview. The interviews will be structured a nd based upon four questions (appendix 4: 57). Interviewees were asked to explain their answers in as much detail as they could. A main advantage of the research design is that it incorporated both secondary and primary research by being a library based review including short interviews to compare and possibly back up the literature based findings. The disadvantages of just doing one form of research will be minimised as you will decrease the disadvantages of doing primary or secondary by using both. For example a main disadvantage of using primary research is researcher bias which can still occur but will be compared to other literature on the same topic so this will be minimised, this makes the results found in the dissertation a higher validity. 2.2: Data Analysis 2.2.1 Library Based Research A library based search is an analytical overview of literature on a given topic. In order to present the literature found in from the library search it was thoroughly studied and then broken down into the three chapters. They were broken down into chapters to specifically analyse each section of information uncovered giving the direct access to then compare to the interview findings. 2.2.2 Interviews Gibbs (2007) describes coding as the direction you take when analysing your data, where you systematically link together similar theories and descriptions. Robson (2011) explains the importance of thematic coding has to drawing points of interest out of data. Thematic coding was used to analyse the data gathered from the interviews as the reason they were carried out was to gage what people thought about child obesity. The interviews consisted of peoples thoughts and ideas and being able to dissect the meaning of these gives value to the data collected and transforms it to a functional format, this is then used when discussing the issues that arose. Being able to identifying general themes from the interviews was necessary in understanding more about the phenomenon. It was especially useful in pin pointing specific areas in need for discussion as child obesity is a broad topic; this was how the chapters were chosen. There were a lot of advantages to thematic coding such as: flexibility, being easy to pick up, within reach to those with little or no experience and it allowed key features to be summarised which then made it easy to remark on in the chapters. However the main disadvantages these were: being flexible it gave the potential for a broad range of data which could then be confusing to interpret and use and that coding may be limited to description or exploration and not very focused towards interpretation (Robson, 2011). Robson (2011) then goes onto describe the five phases to thematic coding: the first phase is familiarising yourself with data, the second phase generating initial codes, the third identifying themes, the fourth constructing thematic networks and the fifth and final phase integration and interpretation stage. Miles and Huberman (1994) mention that there are more than one stage to coding the first level is attaching labels to groups and the second putting the initial themes into a smaller amount of themes. 2.3: Inclusion/Exclusion of Criteria Research materials included in the research investigation would need to be from the UK and information from other countries or discussing other countries will be excluded as the points will not be as relevant, unless it specifically addresses the UK or is used in a comparative style. Another crucial point is the date period which is something the researcher should be aware of (Zikmund, 2003). If a publication was older than 10 years it is not likely to still be of importance, however in the case of childhood obesity it seems to be a newly mediated topic which can mean that all information is still of relevance. So literature that is older than 10 years will only be included if it seems to still be of significant importance or a pivotal point for discussion. Chapter 3: Child Obesity, media and technology Of course, with the important role comes responsibility, the media must operate in an ethical and responsible way (Browne, J, 2011, online). This chapter looks at the part media and technology play in the child obesity epidemic. The media cannot be punished for neglecting children as they do not owe the same duty of care parents do, establishing how much the media affects the problem of obesity nevertheless will benefit the overall argument. It can be broken down into three categories, firstly the rise in technology, which has increased sedentary activities among youths. Secondly, with the issue of child obesity increasing this has led to an upsurge of media coverage on the issue (Kim and Wills, 2007), the ways in which the issue is portrayed may too affect child obesity. Thirdly studies have shown that advertising of junk foods may be directly linked to the increase of child obesity, and has been a topic of much discussion in recent years. It is important to remember that not only are media there to inform but they aim to educate and entertain and are getting paid so it is important to remember they may have hidden agend as (Melville-Brown, 2007) as well as their aim being to publicise health problems not rectify them. 3.1: Literature Findings 3.1.1 Sedentary lifestyles amongst youths The involvement children have with physical activity has noticeably decreased over the past 20 years. Dr Watkins (cited in Cole and Kmietowicz, 2007:334) stated that free range children have been replaced with battery reared children reared in cyberspace, and thats the reason for the epidemic of childhood obesity. This highlights that the increased participation in sedentary activities, that are more readily available for the children of today, play a huge role in their lives and may impact on the statistical increase of childhood obesity. The changes in lifestyle that causes lack of physical exercise and the consumption of more high in fat foods are thought to be major influences to obesity, even when taking into consideration genetic causes that are coming to light more and more (Warren et al., 2003). What are the pin point changes in society that caused this change in lifestyle? We now live in an instant culture (Heaton-Harris, 2009). Children in todays society spend their time pl aying video games and socialising on the internet rather than meeting face to face. It is these sedentary pursuits that allows children to do little exercise and encourages them to snack more. Ford Martin (2005) found that 92% of children had a home gaming system and the average time a day children spend in front of a media screen is 6 and a half hours. It is no wonder that child obesity is on the rise and physical activity is at an all-time low among young children. It is starting at such a young age as a Kaiser family foundation study (cited in Ford-Martin, 2005) found that a third of all children aged six and younger had their own televisions in their bedrooms. The children of today do not know anything different than sitting down in front of computers and televisons. It is not that sedentary activities are what children are most commonly engaging in.   It is worrying because it is replacing physical exercise of  youth  altogether  (Ofcom, 2004). Ofcom (2004) emphasise that there is a correlation between watching television, poor diet, poor health and obesity with children and adults. Steinbeck (2001) links the decrease in physical activity to the increase of child obesity; Biddle, Gorely and Stensel (2004) believe this to be true also. It would appear to attempt overcoming the child obesity epidemic children need to lessen their time involved in sedentary activities and partake in more physical activities. 3.1.2 Media Coverage Rodgers (2009, online) believes there is currently a panic surrounding child obesity in the UK with this sudden rise of media attention. Marsh and Melville (2011, online) describe moral panics as an exaggerated social reaction to something embraced by the mass media, which is caused by the activities of certain groups and/or individuals. This becomes the source of major public concern that amplifies the panic surrounding such activities. The TV series Jamies school dinners (2005), presented by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, made a huge impact on child obesity, the media coverage on the topic and public perceptions. The Chef uncovered that 97% of school children were getting a totally unbalanced diet on a daily basis and this needed to change for the benefit of childrens health. A nutritionist on the series explained that the current school dinners lacked fruit, veg and vitamin C which are crucial in forming immunity (Jamies School Dinners, 2005). The TV series not only changed the public perception, more importantly led to changes by the government to ensure children had healthier school dinners. The Department for Education (2013), explains the governments current stance that there are strict nutrient-based standards that all schools in England need to comply with. This includes food and drink that can be obtained throughout a school day. The Government clearly state that they take the issue of healthy school dinners seriously, as it can affect childrens willingness to learn, behaviour and eating habits for life. The Schools Food Trust (2007, online) is a document that sets out the compulsory standards the Government insisted on that needed to be in place by September 2009. A 2011 article in the Sunday Observer shows that since the positive change to healthier school dinners that there has been an increase in not only learning as test results show but absences have dropped by 14% (Boffey, 2011). The media therefore has positive effects as well as negative. The media has seen to be useful for informing people about child obesity and helping to overcome the epidemic, as Jamie School Dinners is a prime example. However the media is widely known to provide misconceptions, which could worsen the issue. As it has been discussed child obesity is prominently featured in the media. When an important issue such as a childs health is at stake it is important that the issue is honestly portrayed ensuring it can be dealt with effectively. An argument is that the media portray only the extreme cases of obesity as that would be shocking news stories (Winterman, 2012). This then leads people to think that to be obese you would need to be extremely obese which may be cause for confusion and misunderstanding. As shown when half of parents underestimated the size of an obese child which implies that the media maybe the cause of this dangerous misconception (Winterman, 2012). If parents are misinformed by the media this could have life threatening affects for children who are obese, especially if it encourages the parents to believe that their children are not obese and do not take much needed action. It has also been noted that prime time TV shows about obesity, that dominate popular channels, give the wrong impression about obesity also. Boyce and Inthorn, (2007) studied programmes that were dedicated primarily to obesity, and came to the realisation that the shows directed blame on individuals generally rather than a public health issue. They tended to give the impression that it was down to self-control and discipline of the individual, with weight control being easily attainable as a result. The study also found that the programmes failed to improve levels of knowledge on obesity as it used shame and humiliation to persuade people to lose weight not knowledge. Jones (2006) backs this relaying that lack of correct information is a key problem. Rees et al. (2011) interviewed children about obesity, and they also shared the opinion shared by most TV programmes on obesity and thought if a child was obese they were to blame as it was something the media made out to be controllable . This false idea that obesity is easily controllable is wrong and may cause a lot of bullying in schools. 3.1.3 Advertising Its not just TV programmes that are thought to be affecting the ideas around child obesity; also adverts for unhealthy food are being blamed for the increase in child obesity (Carvel, 2003). It had been established beyond reasonable doubt that advertising of unhealthy products influences what children not only eat and drink but also the brands they prefer. Boyce, (2007) agrees that advertising is widely seen to encourage unhealthy consumption, particularly with children, as food is the most frequently advertised product on childrens TV. Coon and Tucker (2002) conducted a literature review into journal articles and concluded based on their findings that children exposed to advertising were significantly more likely to opt for advertised food products than those not exposed. Ofcom (2004) provided research also to suggest that there is a direct link to childrens food choices and advertisement. The report written by Barclay (2011) expresses clearly the governments stance, which indicates that they strongly agree junk food adverts encourage childrens ill health. From July 2007 such adverts were not restricted but totally banned from childrens TV by Ofcom, in what one would presume

Women changing From Hellenistic to Late Antiquity Essay -- essays rese

The world is constantly changing and evolving. In every society across the world, men and women have specific roles that they each carry out. During ancient times, in most western cultures, women were inferior to men. Women’s status seemed to change in a pattern that repeated it self from one time period to another. Gradually, the status of women did change from political standpoints of the societies. From political power to having the right last name, women have transformed and became a huge part of Western Civilization. During times of Hellenic Greece, women were considered naturally weaker than men, squeamish, and unable to perform work requiring muscular or intellectual development. In most Hellenic societies, for example, domestic chores were delegated to women, leaving heavier labors, such as war and hunting, to men. Women also have generally had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men. From the text from Kilshansky, The Spartan Constitution, Lycurgus believed that motherhood is the most important function of freeborn woman. Lycurgus then insisted on physical training of the females along with the males. Lycurgus also believed that to have future success is to have a strong youth. The Hellenic times were like this for the sole reason that few elite men ruled. With these men in control, it was made possible that no woman could ever have a say in the government of Sparta or the democracy of Athens. When the Hellenistic Kingdoms started to spur, new opportunities for women appeared. Levack stated that, â€Å"Greek women in Egypt, as well as many other Hellenized land, enjoyed full citizenship and held religious offices.† This simply shows that the women of the middle class had new privileges, but what about the women... ...though the wives or daughters of wealthy and powerful families could work with other women of society. For example Melania the Younger, the daughter of a wealthy roman senatorial family, decided to dispose her property. The senate, who, I might add, was all male, objected to the breaking up of Melanie’s family estates. Melania then appealed to the empress, a female leader, and the senate was overruled, allowing Melania to break up her estates. This is just one example of how political power can change the status of women dramatically. Based on these facts on how women gradually promoted themselves into freedom, some factors clearly changed the way people viewed women in their societies. From having political power in the family to being persuasive in other areas of life, women came from being a housewife to a possible empress during the civilization of the west.

Charles Lamb “Thoughtless Cruelty” Essay

Most people, at some point of their lives, have tortured inferior insects whether it be pulling the wings off a fly or crushing an ant. In the poem â€Å"Thoughtless Cruelty† by Charles Lamb the reader can see that the author is indeed angry about such a thing. The author uses the poetic devices such as diction, rhyme, and detail to describe his attitude toward those who perform such â€Å"Thoughtless Cruelty†. The author first directs his attention to â€Å"Robert† that has â€Å"kill’d that fly†. The author then says the man was â€Å"devoid Of thought and sense† to have killed the fly. Here, the author is implying that â€Å"Robert† must have been stupid for killing the innocent creature. The author goes on talking about natural death as a bird â€Å"devours† it or a â€Å"cold blast in the night† will take its life. By describing the natural causes of the insect’s death, Lamb sympathizes for the creature because of its unnatural death. Lamb continues discussing that pain exists in even â€Å"The greatest being†, and even the â€Å"smallest ones possess† the feeling of death and pain experienced before. The author goes on with more detail in the piece about the crude humor in the creature’s horrible death. Lamb explains, â€Å"The life you’ve taken to supply, You could not do it† that the life â€Å"Robert† has taken cannot be restored, no matter how hard he tries. The author tries to make â€Å"Robert† feel guilty by enlightening him, â€Å"A thing which no way you annoy’d – You’ll one day rue it†, suggesting that one day he will realize his cruelty and morn the death of the fly. â€Å"The bird but seeks his proper food†¦ May just take [its life]†. Here Lamb goes into more detail about the natural death the fly may have experienced. â€Å"A life by Nature made so short, Less reason is that you for sport Should shorter make it.† Lamb again tries to weigh more guilt upon â€Å"Robert†. â€Å"Although their frame and structure less Escape our seeing,† they still experience pain and its horrors. Though the rhyme scheme of AAAB, Charles Lamb starts to use the poetic device of rhyme to also express his attitude. In the first stanza, he talks about how â€Å"Robert, killed that â€Å"fly†, but not matter how hard he may â€Å"try† to â€Å"supply† the life he has taken, he could never â€Å"do it†. In the second  stanza Lamb writes that â€Å"Robert† must have been â€Å"devoid† of thinking to have â€Å"destroy’d† the fly that he never â€Å"annoy’d†, and will one day â€Å"rue it†, expressing negativity by sympathizing for the innocent creature. The author then goes into the natural death by illustrating the bird seeking its â€Å"food†, that fate whose power â€Å"endu’d† the fly thinks the time is â€Å"good† will take â€Å"it†. Finally, the author fully expresses himself when he explains the pain â€Å"The greatest being† can have with its â€Å"flesh † that even the fly may â€Å"possess†, small and structure â€Å"less† may escape our â€Å"seeing†. All in all, the author uses many poetic devices such as diction, detail, and rhyme to express his attitude toward, what seems tragic to the author, event. Even the title â€Å"Thoughtless Cruelty† expresses the authors feelings. Things may be different now, when you see a fly, pulling the wings off a fly may not seem the same.

Poetry

Alone In a dark room, -Every entity has left me here. -The door Is barred by a broom, Belonging to the witch who sealed my faith. -Curled into a ball -Knees to my chest, back against the wall. -This is my only protection. -Although the only breath I hear is my own, -I'm reminded I'm not yet alone. Lingering above me Is the everlasting pressure, -That makes my body wrack with sobs. -Cut, It whispers, The foul word drips with a venom even snakes envy. It swirls around me, -Taking in the sight of the cowardly abomination that is me. This may not be a pleasurable presence, -But at least I'm not abandoned. -Detached from all beings, this empty feeling must be my sole purpose. 2.Time bomb – 2014 -You're Like a time bomb -Ticking endlessly -She's walling for you to explode Stabbing her with the millions of scattered pieces you'll have broken into -It's only a matter of time -As she watches you fading -You're falling apart before her eyes -and she is trying desperately to do -what all the kings horses and all the kings men couldn't -But she can't change the past -She can't undo what's already been done -She can't take back their venomous words Or somehow make you forget all the pain you endured -Because even If she drives them away -you are soul your own worst enemy And the monsters outside -The paint of your resilience is chipping away -And you're clutching to your blade more desperately than before -Her pleas and promises are falling on deaf ears -And sometimes she wonders if all this sorrow is worth -the happiness she feels -When she's holding your hand -But then she remembers the girl -Who, at only fifteen -Was going to take her life -And she was clutching Just as desperately to that knife -but you saved her -And you've been saving her ever since She saw a light in your eyes, there was nothing left to fear -And now helplessly -She watches it disappear -She wants to be the savior, that you are to her -But no matter how hopeful she seems -She's optimistic in v ain -You say she can't make you happy, she can't end the pain -She speaks wistfully of future plans -She wishes on a star -Words turn into razors -You say you don't plan on making it that far -But she still loves you Just the way you are -And like a time bomb would -You'll explode -destroying everything in your path -And when you do -She'll have nothing left -Suicide is such a Shiite thing to expect 3. Thunderstorm – 2014 -You taught me how to count beautifully -The seconds between -Thunder and lightning -As it shook the foundation of our world -You taught me -Not to be afraid -But baby there is a thunderstorm -Raging on outside -But I can only count -The days since you -All because -Of me 4.How to destroy an infection – 2014 I need someone To help me get rid of these feelings The feeling that I'm disgusting But I've come to realize that No one can get rid of them No one They're a part of me And the only way to destroy the infection Is to attack at the root 5. Sixty pe rcent deadly – 2014 Humans are approximately Sixty percent water Because, you see We are all oceans Seas Lakes Rivers Puddles Droplets Tears We slip our fingertips in To test the waters To see if these people will love us Love you Foolishly For you have forgotten As you always do when you are Blinded & confused as sweet liquid Fills your lungs You're drowning Drowning in someone else But you are not the victim You are the villain Ignorant Have you forgotten, Sabina?You are a plague A reckless force of evil You create hurricanes with Your words Typhoons with Your actions Yet still you dip your fingertips in Slowly being swallowed In bittersweet and forgetful bliss As you kill everyone around you How many lives must you take To remember 6. Crimson – 2013 The dark crimson streaks They're all too familiar Deep down across the canvas of my wrist You promised†¦ I hear his echo The solemn whisper still clear Above the buzzing in my ear I lay in bed, open my eyes Shift my head I'm looking at destruction, hatred Written across my wrists They scream at me I'm staring at words Strong enough to break bones I'm peering in through the cracks Is someone looking back?She wants to escape The girl inside She can't find her way out I need a small crevice, she hisses, Just one, pretty please? Sweet venom laces her words I wonder aloud, hearing no reply Has she gone already? Lied and escaped without a passing goodbye? Or maybe I cut too deep And broke her too But Just then, I hear A faint laugh I'm still deep down inside of you Cut deeper, you'll reach me I promise Those two words are so familiar But my cuts have almost healed I plead But Sabina, darling, I need to be freed I can't stand this anymore Just end the pain I know what to do I must be insane And with that We're back to where we started And how I've missed it It's been three days since I last saw 7.Click © – 2014 They say to wear your heart on your sleeve But That seems a bit gruesome Doesn't it? How does one wear a heart? Do you take a needle and thread Slowly and painfully piercing The edges of your heart Threading it to The fabric on your wrist Splattering the innocent,even friends With blood as you wave It's almost laughable Do you attach it to The nerve endings Willing them to protrude And wrap around the organ we have removed As a sort of method to express ourselves What a comical notion I'm sorry It Just seems rather silly to me I'd love to show my feelings But I'd prefer to keep my organs inside 8. Learning to Breathe Water – 2014 You know the things you learnThat you would've never considered prior to learning them but after learning them you feel like you've known you're whole life and you try but you can't remember who you were before that like Who was I before I knew x Like Sabina, your mouth is not a good place for spare change Sabina, your mouth should not speak of change that is a Mans decision Sabina, put on your settable Sabina, wearing a short sk irt is Just as dangerous as not wearing one Sabina, you have to go home your shorts are much too short I hear Sabina, the boys have to focus to learn, your body is too distracting and it is your alt that they sexuality you Sabina, the electrical socket is not a good place for dinner knives Sabina, neither is your wrist Okay Sabina, neither are your thighs I realize that learning is Just Life crushing and molding your brain You lose independence You wonder what you can do I try desperately To breathe water Even though I've learned So long ago that Sabina, you can't breathe water Unless you don't want to breathe Anymore 9. Wear girls – 2014 We are the girls who haven't run the mile in four years because we Layer our deep v necks with excuses and bat our eyelashes at the male gym teachersWe are taught to survive by using our bodies as Swiss Army knives Involuntarily It's the game we've been playing since we were children Deceive, but be polite Girls, we have to be nice Used to t he masculine brutality Male kindness is so alien to us we mistake it for seduction every time Age 7, my 15 year old cousin touches me, makes me touch him It took me years to realize that force was not love, when he called me beautiful he did not look beneath my abused skin Age 12, Dad says wearing short skirts in the city is like driving without a settable Age 13, a boy I've been dating for a week asks me to have sex with him, he says it's he only way I can show my love Age 15, my boyfriend, hits me If only it was unexpected I blame myself Age 16, my dad calls me sexy, on a regular basis, I take it as a compliment not knowing any better but the queasy feeling in my stomach tells me Something is wrong With the Waved tardiest, free drinks, smacked asses, my yoga pants are not a welcome mat, thank you Playing this game to realize This is not female privilege this is survival of the prettiest We are easily startled Who wouldn't be I am barked at from the streets We are the girls petrifi ed of the business school boys who learn to somehow manifest success by refusing to take no for an answer Aggression is key Once my friend and I got cat called She said screw you I said thank you, head down Like I was trained to 10. I once loved a psychopath- 2014 I once loved a psychopath Completely aware He could never be capable of a love that wasn't Clinging to another person and wrapping around their Throats and down their chests and to their hearts To squeeze out every once of affection from you But I didn't care Because he told me the world wasn't nearly as beautiful as I He told me That the reason why our blood is red Is the same reason why some stars are redTheir time is Almost up Our time is It has always been And he told me that's okay That this only means it wont be too long before We become fireworks And we'd be a part of something Tremendously bigger Together And I once loved a psychopath Who kept me alive Longer than the medication and therapy ever could I became slow ly entangled in his words His false compliments tied me down and I knew Exactly what was happening His words ran up my body, creeping Like vines Thorns cutting me as they slithered Up my torso Wrapping around my throat Wrapping his hands around my throat And squeezing So hard, I began to see stars And I said to myself; This is it. My time is up. I am a firework, and I am becoming a part of something bigger. 11. My kind of alone – 2014 People think of alone as A dark hole Where no sound and no light and no life can Penetrate But I don't think so because I have been down that hole many times before I have lived it and still I feel More at home there than Or a group full of friends But who knows Maybe our kind of alone is the sadder kind Because it's the kind that makes you Not fear death anymore 12.Letting go- 2014 Letting go of The one you thought you loved more than Anything More than Everything Is not like dropping someone off The edge of a cliff However badly you might wish it was It's not And no matter how long you Put it off This inevitable thing It will never be easier Just get it over with Oh but don't be fooled Getting it over with does not imply An instantaneous relief They aren't some bandit Holding together two infected halves Of a whole twisted heart Oh no Letting go Of someone you love Is a slow release A long painful exhale In a room starved for oxygen A Jet of helium Slowly streaming from that pinprick In the plastic skin of a young child's party balloon Who didn't get their birthday wish Poetry I picked this poem thinking this seems like a funny title and it would be a confusing poem that had a simple title but a deep meaning. This poem had a lot of alliteration the roots ere and re were repeated very often,and the only roots used in the poem. The only exception to this order was the the first line in verse five where minotaur was used. The minotaur was placed there conclude to break the steady rhyme. This is cleverly placed to bring the attention of the reader o the conclusion. Here is where/ You can get nowhere† This itself Starts the poem at a negative context and a feeling Of hopelessness. This in the poem represents life as being where you are your fate has decreed to be there is no point of struggling or trying to run away from it. All of life's problems are symbolized as the corn mazes twist and turns. â€Å"Like any other/ You can't peer over/ And then another. † The twisting turns in this poem like problems cannot e seen ahead of time you just run into them.When you are done dealing with one problem the next one appears. As we try to shape our destinies by ourselves we wake blindly not knowing what we do assuming we we are doing what's best for us. â€Å"Your inner minotaur† is a psychological term which can mean your fear of the unknown or your destiny. In psychology it IS said that you walk on hands and knees blindly until you are able to confront your inner minotaur. Which coincidentally relates with the poem. But on you blunder† shows the severity of our method of pursuing our destiny. To summarize the poem I conclude that this poem shows the futility of life of how no matter how hard we try to run we have acknowledge in the end that we have accept we have go nowhere in life. Like the pace of the poem it goes at steady pace. I am able to connect many of the situations of this poem to my life it shows my problems and how they come unexpected.